Monday, January 29, 2024

Living with MEBO

In the recent study by Cole and Drs. Shephard, Phillips and Janmohamed, in collaboration with our MEBO Research, the emotional landscape of living with MEBO/TMAU is laid bare, revealing a world where individuals are often met with misunderstanding and social exclusion. The respondents, all navigating the challenges of TMAU in the UK, shared heart-wrenching experiences of bullying, ostracism, and a profound lack of empathy from others. The workplace (36 respondents, 90%) and social settings (35 respondents, 88%), places where support and acceptance should thrive, turned out to be the most common arenas for these painful encounters. This societal blindness to their struggle not only amplifies their emotional burden but also deepens their sense of isolation. The survey uncovers a poignant truth: living with TMAU is not just a physical battle but a relentless emotional ordeal, marked by a constant struggle for acceptance and understanding.

The emotional turmoil doesn't end there. The study highlights a critical dilemma – to disclose or not to disclose their condition. For many, this decision is a double-edged sword. Revealing their condition might bring some level of understanding, yet it also risks further stigma and exclusion. This uncertainty breeds a unique kind of loneliness and stress, where the fear of judgment constantly weighs against the hope for empathy. The findings underscore a desperate need for a shift in societal perception and support structures. It's clear that these individuals are not just battling a metabolic disorder but are also fighting for their place in a society that often overlooks the invisible hardships they endure daily. The call for greater awareness and mental health support resonates through each response, painting a picture of a community in urgent need of empathy and a deeper understanding of their struggles.




REFERENCE

Flaherty CC, Phillips IR, Janmohamed A, Shephard EA. Living with trimethylaminuria and body and breath malodour: personal perspectives. BMC Public Health. 2024 Jan 18;24(1):222. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-17685-w. PMID: 38238734; PMCID: PMC10797923.

See also:
Briscoe S, Martin Pintado C, Sutcliffe K, Melendez-Torres GJ, Garside R, Lawal HM, Orr N, Shaw L, Thompson Coon J. Evidence of inequities experienced by the rare disease community with respect to receipt of a diagnosis and access to services: a scoping review of UK and international evidence. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2025 Jun 12;20(1):303.

Briscoe S, Martin Pintado C, Garside R, Thompson Coon J, Lawal HM, Orr N, Shaw L, Melendez-Torres GJ. Evidence of health inequities across the rare disease patient care pathway: development of a toolkit using a conceptual framework. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2026 Dec;21(1):213.


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A EURORDIS and NORD Member Organization

Sunday, January 21, 2024

The Invisible Language of Nature

Chemical communication, an invisible yet powerful dialogue within the natural world, plays a crucial role in the interactions between different species. One fascinating aspect of this is the concept of kairomones, chemicals emitted by one species that beneficially affect another, often at the emitter's expense. Unlike pheromones, which influence the same species, kairomones involve cross-species interactions. 

Kairomones are a subtle yet potent force in nature's complex web. For example, human kairomones can significantly influence mosquito behavior. When humans exhale, they release carbon dioxide, L-(+)-lactic acid, and ammonia, unwittingly signaling their presence to mosquitoes. This chemical signal is a dinner bell for these insects, guiding them to their next blood meal. This interaction, while advantageous for the mosquito, is a clear disadvantage for humans, particularly considering the role mosquitoes play in transmitting diseases.

The study of human kairomones opens a window into understanding and potentially controlling mosquito populations. A recent study highlighted the potential of geraniol in reducing mosquito attraction by 69-78% to a mixture of key human kairomones like carbon dioxide, L-(+)-lactic acid, and ammonia.

This chemical dialogue extends beyond animals to the plant kingdom. Plants, though lacking a nervous system or traditional senses, have their own form of communication, often mediated by chemicals. For instance, when a plant is under attack, it can release volatile compounds to attract predators of the herbivores harming it. Interestingly, these chemicals can also alert nearby plants of potential danger.

A case study involving sagebrush and wild tobacco plants provides insight into this phenomenon. When sagebrush is damaged, it releases methyl jasmonate, a volatile compound that nearby tobacco plants detect, triggering an increase in their production of defensive agents. This chemical warning system, however, seems to have a very limited range.

The study of chemical communication in nature, whether between humans and mosquitoes or among plants, is an ongoing journey of discovery. It reveals the intricate and often hidden ways in which life on Earth interacts and adapts. As research continues, we may find more innovative ways to apply this knowledge, from controlling pests to understanding ecosystem dynamics.

Chemical communication remains a fascinating and largely uncharted frontier, offering a glimpse into the sophisticated and silent language of nature.






REFERENCES 

Coutinho-Abreu IV, Jamshidi O, Raban R, Atabakhsh K, Merriman JA, Akbari OS. Identification of human skin microbiome odorants that manipulate mosquito landing behavior. Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 18;14(1):1631. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50182-5. PMID: 38238397; PMCID: PMC10796395.

Karban R, Shiojiri K, Huntzinger M, McCall AC. Damage-induced resistance in sagebrush: volatiles are key to intra- and interplant communication. Ecology. 2006 Apr;87(4):922-30. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[922:drisva]2.0.co;2. PMID: 16676536.

Chemical & Engineering News: Critter Chemistry - Plants to Bugs: Buzz Off! (acs.org) by Sophie Wilkinson, Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society

The short film "Descendants" provides a creative exploration of nature's interconnectedness: http://vimeo.com/8642276

https://entomology.ucdavis.edu/people/richard-karban
https://swissplantscienceweb.unibas.ch/en/farmer/
https://www.ice.mpg.de/person/111845